Ch. 14 · Grammaire

Reported Speech — Le discours indirect

Said, told et le recul des temps

Le principe : un cran en arrière

Pour rapporter des paroles, l’anglais recule les temps d’un cran — comme la concordance française (« il a dit qu’il était fatigué »).

“I am tired.” → He said he was tired.

“I work here.” → She said she worked there.

“I will call you.” → He said he would call me.

Say ou tell ?

LE piège francophone : « dire à quelqu’un » = tell someone (sans to !), say se contente des paroles.

She said (that) she was busy. — pas de destinataire

She told me (that) she was busy. — destinataire obligatoire après tell

« Elle m’a dit que... » → She told me that... (jamais « said me »).

La carte des reculs

Présent → prétérit · prétérit / present perfect → past perfect · will → would · can → could · must → had to.

“I have finished.” → She said she had finished.

“I can help.” → He said he could help.

Les petits mots qui changent

Les repères se décalent aussi : today → that day, tomorrow → the next day, here → there, this → that.

“I’ll see you tomorrow.” → She said she would see me the next day.

Rapporter les questions

Question rapportée = ordre affirmatif, sans do/did. Yes/no → if.

“Where do you live?” → He asked me where I lived.

“Are you OK?” → She asked if I was OK.

Erreurs typiques

Les pièges classiques pour les francophones

Voici les erreurs que les francophones font le plus souvent sur ce point.

She said me that she was busy.
She told me that she was busy.
« Dire à quelqu’un » = tell someone — say ne prend pas de destinataire direct.
He told that he was tired.
He said that he was tired. / He told me...
Tell exige un destinataire ; sans destinataire, c’est say.
He asked me where did I live.
He asked me where I lived.
Question rapportée → ordre affirmatif, sans did.
She said she will call me. (hier)
She said she would call me.
Recul des temps : will → would.
He told to me the truth.
He told me the truth.
Tell + destinataire directement, sans to.

Récapitulatif : Reported Speech

Dire (sans dest.)
say (that)...
She said she was busy.
Dire à qqn
tell + personne
She told me she was busy.
Recul
présent→prétérit, will→would
He said he would come.
Repères
tomorrow → the next day
the next day, there, that
Questions
asked + ordre affirmatif / if
He asked where I lived.
Aux exercices →