A discursive essay presents and discusses two sides of an issue before reaching a conclusion. At C1 it must use formal register, complex grammar, and precise vocabulary.
Structure
Introduction → Argument 1 + support → Argument 2 + support → Conclusion
Register
Formal throughout: no contractions, no I think
Length
140–190 words
Tone
Objective and balanced, even when giving your view
C1-level language
Hedging
It could be argued that… / There is evidence to suggest…
Concession
While it is true that…, it is equally important to consider…
Counter-argument
However, critics point out that… / On the other hand…
Conclusion
On balance… / Taking all factors into account…
Avoid 'I think'. Use impersonal structures: It is widely believed… / It appears that…
Essay structure at a glance
Introduction
Introduce the issue without taking a side immediately