A1 · GRAMMAR · FOR ENGLISH SPEAKERS

Spanish Grammar A1

English explanations · Interference notes · English-Spanish comparison

Ch. 1

Ser & Estar

The two "to be" verbs — permanent vs temporary

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Ch. 2

Present Tense

Regular -ar/-er/-ir verb conjugations

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Ch. 3

Articles

el/la/los/las · un/una — definite & indefinite

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Ch. 4

Subject Pronouns

yo, tú, él, ella, nosotros, vosotros, ellos

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Ch. 5

Tener — to have

Possession, age, and fixed expressions

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Ch. 6

Numbers & Time

Counting · telling the time · days & months

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Ch. 7

Demonstratives

este / ese / aquel — this, that, those

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Ch. 8

Adjective Agreement

Gender and number agreement with nouns

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Ch. 9

Question Words

qué, cómo, dónde, cuándo, quién, cuánto

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Ch. 10

Negation

no, nunca, tampoco — saying no in Spanish

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Ch. 11

Hay

There is / there are — hay + noun

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Ch. 12

Prepositions of Place

en, sobre, debajo, delante, detrás, entre

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Ch. 13

Prepositions of Time

a las, el, los, en, por, durante

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Ch. 14

Present Progressive

estar + gerundio — I am doing / estoy haciendo

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Ch. 15

Gustar

me gusta / me gustan — expressing likes

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Ch. 16

Ser vs Estar in Depth

When to use each: identity, description, state

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Ch. 17

Ir a + Infinitive

voy a comer — talking about near future plans

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Ch. 18

Reflexive Verbs

levantarse, llamarse — actions you do to yourself

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Ch. 19

Regular -ar Verbs

hablar, trabajar, escuchar — full paradigm

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Ch. 20

Regular -er / -ir Verbs

comer, vivir, leer — contrasting the endings

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Ch. 21

Basic Commands

Imperativo — ven aquí, escucha, abre el libro

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Ch. 22

Adverbs of Frequency

siempre, normalmente, a veces, nunca

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Ch. 23

Past Tense — Regular

hablé, comí, viví — pretérito indefinido

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Ch. 24

Past Tense — Irregular

fui, tuve, hice — the most common irregulars

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Reference

Common Mistakes

Learn from beginner errors: gender, tense, verb agreement

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